2020考研英语:历年真题经典长难句深度解析(上)

匿名 2019-08-04 15:56:04 热度:

  摘要:长难句是考研英语复习考生最难掌握的语法难点之一,对于长难句的掌握程度直接关系着考生在阅读理解和翻译题等题型的得分。今天,帮帮给大家带来了考研英语历年真题经典长难句深度解析,助你拿下长难句!

  一、 It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  describe…with… 用……描述……

  articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达,描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的

  reaction n. 反应

  grasp v. 理解,领会(尤指复杂的事情或观点)

  2.句子成分分析:本句为主从复合句,主干是It is also the reason...。why引导定语从句,解释说明the reason。定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。关系副词why引导限定性定语从句,修饰先行词reason, 在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如: He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset. 从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which,取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分:先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分,应该用why。例如:Please tell me the reason why he was late.(先行词reason在从句中作原因状语);先行词reason在从句中作名词性成分,应该用that/which。例如:Please tell me the reason that/which made him late.(先行词reason在从句中作主语)

  3.参考译文:这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时,我们只能表达出自己对音乐的感受,而无法领悟音乐本身。

  二、 Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.”

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  impel v. 促使,迫使【用法】impel sb to do sth迫使某人做……

  statistics board 统计板

  concern n. 忧虑,担心;重要的事情 concern about/over/with 对……关心

  application n. 申请书;应用;应用程序

  2.句子成分分析:本句的主干是...McNutt said...。分词短语Asked whether...the change作句子的状语。引号中的内容是said的宾语,其主干是The creation of the "statistics board" was motivated...and is part of...。句中的broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research解释说明concerns的内容。句中的to increase...we publish解释说明drive的内容,其中we publish是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰research。作“是……还是……”解时,whether表示一种选择,其后可以跟介词短语或不定式短语。作“是否,会不会”解时,whether可用来引导名词性从句,即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主语。引导宾语从句时whether可与if换用。

  3.参考译文:当被问道是不是某些特殊的文件推动了这项变化时,麦克纳特回答说:“统计审稿编委会的设立源于对统计学和数据分析在科学研究中运用情况的普遍担忧,也是《科学》杂志为提升我们所发表的研究的可复制性而做出的全面努力的一部分。”

  三、 They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections when facing severe, urgent circumstances, and they could take reasonable measures to ensure that phone data are not erased or altered while a warrant is pending.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  invalidate v. 使无效;证明(信念或解释)是无效的

  severe v. 非常严重的;困难的

  take reasonable measures to 采取合理的措施去……

  warrant n. 令状,许可

  pending n. 在等待……之际

  2.句子成分分析:本句是一个由and连接的并列句。and前面的主干结构为They could still invalidate Fourth Amendment protections...。when facing severe, urgent circumstances是时间状语从句,由于face的逻辑主语与主句主语一致,因此省略主语和系动词,face用现在分词形式。and之后的句子主干结构为they could take reasonable measures...。to ensure that...pending是目的状语,that引导的从句作ensure的宾语。状语从句中的省略原则是:如果从句主语与主句主语一致,或从句的主语是it,可省略从句的连接词、主语和be动词,只保留分词和其它成分,从而使语言更加简洁明了。比如时间状语中的省略、地点状语中的省略、让步状语从句中的省略等。例如:The river is clean where (it is) deep.

  3.参考译文:在严重、紧急的情况下,他们还可以忽视第四修正案的保护。此外,在等待许可令签发期间,他们还可以采取合理措施保证手机里的数据不被删除或篡改。

  四、 California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumption that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  justice n. 司法制度;公正;公正性;justification n. 正当的理由

  refrain from 克制;抑制

  sweeping adj. 影响广泛的

  assumption n. 假定,假设;承担,就任

  possession n. 拥有;所有物,财物;in possession of 拥有……

  suspect v. 猜测,怀疑;认为(某人)有犯罪嫌疑

  【用法】suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做……

  2.句子成分分析:本句的主干结构为California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling...。第一个that引导的定语从句修饰one。在该定语从句中,还有一个that引导的同位语从句,解释说明the old assumption。在该同位语从句中,主干结构为authorities may search through the possessions of suspects...。被修饰的词不同:同位语从句一般修饰表示概括意义的抽象名词,如fact,news,truth, hope, promise, answer, belief, condition, doubt等。定语从句所修饰的名词则没有这样的限定。从句的作用不同:同位语从句表示同位名词的具体内容,而定语从句是对先行词的限制、说明。引导词不同:what,how,whether等不能用来引导定语从句,但可用于引导同位从句。

  3.参考译文:加利福尼亚州呼吁法官不要做出太笼统的裁定,尤其不要扰乱以前的假设,即在逮捕嫌犯时当局可以搜查其财产。

  五、 Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to see that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  draw from 从……中得到,从……提取

  European n. 欧洲人 adj. 欧洲的;欧洲人的;European Union 欧洲联盟,欧盟

  Europe n. 欧洲;欧盟;欧洲大陆

  extraction n. 取出;提炼;mineral/oil etc extraction 矿物;石油等的开采

  extract v. 提取,提炼;(从书中)选取,摘录;获取,得到好处

  extract sth from sth 从……获取……

  extractor n. 抽取;抽取器

  be taken from 来自;从……摘取

  2.句子成分分析:该句的主干结构是...care was taken...。Though引导的是让步状语从句,to see...population是不定式结构作目的状语,that引导的从句作see的宾语。不定式用作目的状语时常位于句首在或句末。一般说来,用于句首属于强调性用法,即强调动词的目的。从语法上看,不定式表示目的通常是指发生在谓语动作之后的动作,也就是说,若以谓语动作发生的时间为标准,用作目的状语的不定式是一个尚未发生的将来动作。

  3.参考译文:尽管所有的实验对象都是从祖籍欧洲的人口中选择,但是研究人员也花费了精力来确保所有的实验对象,无论是朋友还是陌生人,都是来自同一群体。

  六、 As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  come to do sth 来做某事;开始做某事

  mental health 心理健康

  available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的;没有伴侣的

  availability n. 有效性;实用性

  allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

  slow down 减速,放慢速度 【反义词组】speed up 加速

  2.句子成分分析:该句是一个复合句,主干为knowing that...and knowing to trust it allow us...。as指代整个句子的内容。that mental health is always available为宾语从句作knowing的宾语。knowing that mental health is always available and knowing to trust it其实是两个并列的主语,而后面的allow us...为谓宾部分。as引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个句子的内容,意为“正如……,就像……”,从句可以置于句首、句中或句尾。例如:As everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history. 注意:as和which 引导的非限制性定语从句有一定的区别:as和which都可以指代主句中的一部分内容或整句内容,有时可以互换。但是 as引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活,可以放在主句前面、中间或者后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开。which引导的非限制性定语从句则只能放在主句后面。

  3.参考译文:你会慢慢发现,明白心理健康一直在身边并且坚信它,这可以让我们放慢节奏、享受当下、快乐地生活。

  七、Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfectly ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  mental adj. 精神健康的;精神状态的;思想的

  mentally adv. 精神上 mentally ill精神

  cure-all 包治百病的良药

  perfectly adv. 完全地,十足地;完美地

  perfect adj. 完美的;最佳的,理想的

  Direct adj. 直接的≠ indirect ;v. 给(某人)指路;指引

  direct ... through... 指引……通过……

  2.句子成分分析:本句主干为:it is perfectly ordinary...。although引导的是让步状语从句。as引导的是原因状语从句,在这个原因状语从句中,包含一个that引导的宾语从句。引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有although,though,even though,even if等。此外,用when 和while也可以引导让步状语从句,意思是“尽管”或“虽然”[举例说明]。例:While I admit his good points, I can see his bad ones. 该句还有一个很难处理的点,through all your difficult decisions. Through表示通过,但是翻译的时候不能硬性插入汉语,根据语境应当隐去其词义,处理成“在你难以做决定时”。

  3.参考译文:尽管心理健康是我们生活中的万能药,但它其实非常普通,你会发现在你难以做决定时,它一直在指引着你。

  八、 According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  assess v. 评价,评定 = judge

  be assessed as sth 被评价/判定为;be assessed at sth 估价……

  competence n. 能力,胜任;技能

  trustworthiness(trust + worthy) n. 可信度

  trustworthy adj. 值得信赖的,可靠的 = dependable

  likeability (like + ability)n. 喜欢程度

  a tenth of a second 十分之一秒

  solely adv. 仅仅,唯一地,独一无二地 = only ;sole a. 唯一的,仅有的

  2.句子成分分析:本句为简单句,但结构比较复杂,包含3个状语。According to research from Princeton University作整个句子的状语,in just a tenth of a second作时间状语,solely based on the way you look作方式状语。状语用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、名词、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。例1:Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.例2:Having had a quarrel with his wife, he left home in a bad temper。

  3.参考译文:根据普林斯顿大学的研究,人们会在仅仅十分之一秒的时间内,仅根据你的外表去评判你的能力、可信度以及你受人喜欢的程度。

  九、 The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they'd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  loyal adj. 忠实的,忠诚的 ≠ disloyal;be loyal to 对……忠诚

  loyalty n. 忠诚,忠实,忠贞

  favor v. 更喜欢;偏向 n. 恩惠;支持,赞同;in favo(u)r of sth 支持,赞许……

  sustain v. 保持,维持 = maintain;遭受,经受believe in 信任,信赖

  2.句子成分分析:本句主干the idea goes...,正常语序应为The idea goes (that) the most loyal customers would... and they'd feel like they were... believe in。The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor和they'd feel like they were helping...believe in为and连接的两个并列的同位语从句,解释the idea。在第一个同位语从句中,they favor是一个定语从句,修饰the product。在第二个同位语从句中,like等同于as if,其后紧跟的内容为表语从句。在这个表语从句中,包含一个定语从句they believe in,修饰something。表语从句放在连系动词之后,充当复合句中的表语。可接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,seem,sound,appear等。可引导表语从句的词有:从属连词whether,as,as if / though,连接代词who,whom,whose以及because,why等。

  3.参考译文:这种想法是,最忠诚的顾客仍然愿意买他们喜欢的产品,他们还会觉得自己在帮助维持他们信任的产品的质量。

  十、“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials,” says one researcher.

  1.重点词汇及短语:

  estimate v. 估计,估算;n. 估计,估算;报价

  eliminate v. 消除,根除;淘汰;消灭

  substantial adj. 大量的,多的

  concern n. 担心的事;忧虑

  corporate giving 企业捐赠

  results in 导致,造成

  bribe v. 贿赂,收买;诱哄;

  2.句子成分分析

  本句是一个复合句,引号中句子的主干:We estimate...。第一个that引导的宾语从句作estimate的宾语。在这个宾语从句中,either eliminating ... or ...结构为主语,such as child labour具体举例说明labour-rights concern,results in作谓语,fines为宾语,that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials作定语从句修饰fines。英语的复合句一般分为三大类型:名词性从句、形容词性从句和副词性从句。在整个复合句中起名词作用,充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语等的各种从句,统称为名词性从句。具有形容词功能,在复合句中做定语的从句被称之为形容词性从句或定语从句。副词性从句也称为状语从句,主要用来修饰主句或者主句的谓语。

  3.参考译文:

  一位研究人员说:“据我们估计,或者消除重大的劳动权利方面的问题,如雇用童工,或者增加企业捐赠额20%左右,都会使有贿赂国外官员情况的企业所受到的罚金比一般的要低40%。”

  总之,历年考研英语真题是复习考研英语最直接最有效的资源,通过真题文章的解析我们不仅可以学解题思路与命题特点,还能学习总结常考的高频词汇(在阅读文章中背单词是一个非常有效的办法)。另外,对于文中经典长难句的解读不仅可以加深对文章细节内容的理解,还可以增强句子分析的能力,也为未来的翻译工作打下了基础,可谓是一举多得。

相关Tags:历年真题英语真题

2万+
1 点赞

考研英语相关阅读