2012考研英语复习指导:考研英语倍数减少的译法
(一)A is n times as small (light,slow,…)as B.(12) A is n times smaller (lighter, slower,…) than B.(13) 以上两句均应译为:A的大小(重量,速度,……)是B的1/n[或A比B小(轻,慢,……)(n-1)/n]. Eg. The hydrogen atom is near1y l6 times as light as the oxygen atom. 氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子约轻15/16)。 Eg. This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper. 这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半(即是普通纸厚度的1/2)。 注:当相比的对象B很明显时,than/as B常被省去。 (二)decrease n times/n——fold (14) decrease by n times(15) decrease by a factor of n(16) 以上三式均译为:减少到1/n[或:减少(n-1)/n]. decrease常被reduce, shorten, go/slow down等词替代。 Eg. Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times. 新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了1/3(即缩短到2/3)。 Eg. When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times. 电压升高9倍,电流强度便降低9/10(即90%)。 Eg. The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. 该设备误差概率降低了4/5. (三)There is a n-fold decrease/reduction… 应译为:减至1/n [或:减少(n一1)/n].(17) 这个句型还有其它一些形式, Eg. A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed. 发现迅速减少到1/7. Eg. The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight. 这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了1/2. 从上列倍数增减句型及其译法中不难看出:与汉语不 同的是,英语在表述或比较倍数时,无论使用什么句 型(除了不含倍数词的again句型外)都包括基础倍 数在内,因此都不是净增或净减n倍,而是净增或 净减n-1倍。所以句型⑤、③表示的倍数增量=句型④; 句型(13)表示的倍数比差=句型12,且decrease(by) 3 times应译为"减少2/3",而不是"减少3/4". |