2012考研英语指导:语法之非谓语动词(3)
不定式和动名词作宾语的区别 英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求: (1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语。 例如:They are training these dogs to sniff out drugs。他们训练狗嗅出毒品来。 The radio urged people to contribute to the Red Cross。电台要求人们向红十字会捐助。 (2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语 例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago。 我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。 (3)动名词作介词的宾语。 几乎所有介词,不管是单个介词还是介词词组,不管它们是谓语动词的组成部分与否,都可用动名词作其宾语。主要有以下搭配关系: A。动词+介词+动名词,例: Scientists measure the hardness of a material by comparison with a table of ten well known metals。 B。名词(形容词,不及物动词)+介词to(不要把它视为动词不定式的标志)。 下面是大纲中所列短语中的“to”为介词:(be)contrary to(与……相反),object(objection)to(反对),with a view to(为……起见),(be) opposed to (反对),in contrast to(与……成对比),be used to (习惯于),be exposed to,be dedicated to(致力于),resort to(诉诸于),as to (关于),be accustomed to习惯于,be devoted to献身于,be committed to委身于,react to对……反应,with regard to关于,look forward to期待,contribute to贡献等。 例:Mr.Brown often wore a heavy coat because he was not used to living in such a cold climate。 C。动词+副词+介词+动名词 I look forward to her coming soon。我盼望她的早日到来。 D。形容词(或具有形容词性质的ed分词)+介词+ing It is impossible for him finishing the task in such a short time。他不可能在这样短的时间内完成这项任务。 E。表示征求意见的“How about…?”,“What about?”,例: How about going there?去那里怎么样? (4)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别。 例如: forget to do忘记要去做某事(此事未做)。 forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)。 |