考研英语:历年完型填空词汇(7)
temper,disposition,temperament人的某种脾气、性情 temper 常指人的易怒的性情 a violent/short temper烈性/急性脾气 也常用于构成复合形容词(-tempered),表示“有…脾气的” a good-/bad-tempered child脾气好/坏的小孩 temperament 也可指易冲动、急躁、喜怒无常的特性 an actor given to displays of temperament性情喜怒无常的演员 更常泛指人或动物的某种气质、性情、秉性 an artistic temperament inherited from his mother从他妈妈那里继承的艺术家气质 disposition “性格,性情”,强调具体表现出的特点、倾向性,常用~to/towards sth/to do sth to have a disposition towards acts of violence有暴力倾向 personality,character,complexion性格、特性 character 为普通用词,可指人或物的性格、特点、特色。 personality “个性,人格”,强调使一个人不同于其他人的各种性格特征 His wife has a strong personality.他的妻子个性很强。 complexion 指事物呈现的总体特征 changed the political complexion of the northern states改变了北方诸州的政治局面 outlook,prospect,perspective,spectacle景观,景象 outlook 强调从某个角度看到的景色,景观 The house has a pleasant outlook over the valley.房子俯瞰山谷,景色宜人。 perspective 常指远景 a perspective of the whole valley山谷全景 prospect 常指一处视野开阔的自然风景 a delightful prospect of the lake令人心旷神怡的湖上风光 spectacle “非常壮观的景象,奇观”,可以是表演、比赛、自然景色等 The sunset was a stunning spectacle.夕阳西斜,异常壮观。 奇特的场面,不寻常的情况 A quarrel between drunken women is an unpleasant spectacle.喝醉酒的女人吵架是个丑恶的场面。 facilities,instruments,implements,appliances器具 appliance 尤指家用电器domestic ~s家用电器 facility “(一组)设备,设施”,用复数 sports/leisure facilities体育/消闲设施 implement 指在工作中有用或必需的器械,尤指较简单的农田或园艺工具 agricultural ~s农具 instrument 指用于精细工作或科学技术的工具 surgical ~s外科器械 charge, fund, payment, price费用 charge 指商品和服务所需的收费admission ~s入场费 fund 1、指用于特殊目的的专项基金a disaster relief ~赈灾专款 2、指可以用来花费的资金,用复数 The project has been cancelled because of lack of ~s.该项目因缺少资金已取消。 payment 指将付或应付的款额 They are finding it difficult to meet the ~s on their car.他们感到很难偿付汽车款。 price 一般指商品的价格,不能用cheap,expensive修饰 house ~s房价 punishment,penalty,fine惩罚 punishment 泛指各种处罚或惩罚,诸如法律、父母、老师以及神的惩罚等 to impose punishment予以惩罚 penalty 是指“因违反法律、规则或合同而施加的惩罚”,可以是监禁、罚款、罚点球等 a penalty clause in a contract合同中的惩罚条款 fine 罚款,罚金a parking fine违规停车罚款 prize, reward, bonus, compliment奖励 prize 指在竞赛中赢得或由于工作出色获得的奖励 She was awarded the Nobel Peace ~.她获颁诺贝尔和平奖。 reward 1、同prize相近,但多指由于做好事而获得的报酬 You deserve a ~ for being so kind.你帮了这么大的忙,理应受到奖励。 //指警察局等机构提供的悬赏金 to offer a ~ of $10 000 for information提出一万美元悬赏金要求提供线索 bonus 指工资之外的奖金、红利productivity ~es生产奖金 compliment “称赞;荣誉”,指好的评价,不涉及具体的奖励物 It‘s a great ~ to be asked to do the job.获聘请做这项工作是一项极大地荣誉。 |