2014年考研英语翻译复习指导:省略句的翻译(1)
首先请试译下列句子: 1. It is snowing.
1. It is snowing. 省略法(omission),也叫减省译法,是指在翻译中,原文中有些词在译文中可以省略,不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词,但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思,或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅,更符合译文习惯。 但需要注意的是,省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去,省略不能改变原文的意义。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法:
一、从语法角度来看
根据汉语习惯,前句出现一个主语,后句如仍为同一主语,就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语,因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现,这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。 We live and learn. When will he arrive?-You can never tell. The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 2.省略作宾语的代词 英语中有些作宾语的代词,不管前面是否提到过,翻译时往往可以省略。 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 3.省略物主代词 英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词,如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来,那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下,在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。 I put my hand into my pocket. She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 4. 省略反身代词
(二)代词it的省略 it起着代词的作用,在译文中,当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候,往往可以省略。 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs. He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15. It took me a long time to reach the hospital. It is the people who are really powerful.
(三)省略连接词 汉语词语之间连接词用得不多,其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的,由词语的次序来表示。英语则不然,连接词用得比较多。因此,英译汉时在很多情况下可不必把连接词译出来。 He looked gloomy and troubled. As it is late, you had better go home. If winter comes, can spring be far behind? If I had known it, I would not have joined in to. John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.
|